加压电渣重熔装备气-水压力平衡控制系统分析*

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2026.04.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高氮钢（HNS）因其优异的强韧性、耐腐蚀性及高温稳定性,在航空航天、能源装备和高端制造等领域具有重要应用价值。加压电渣重熔（PESR）作为当前工业化制备高氮钢的核心工艺,其关键在于维持熔炼过程中结晶器冷却水压力与炉内气体压力的动态平衡,以防止因压差导致结晶器变形甚至失效。本文系统综述了高氮钢制备方法及PESR工艺的发展现状,重点分析了气-水压力平衡系统的技术需求,并对比了独立控制式与联动控制式两类主流设计方案。文章进一步探讨了活塞-缸筒结构的设计要点,强调增大活塞有效面积、提升加工精度及选用耐磨耐蚀材料对提高系统密封性与控制精度的重要性,为国产高性能PESR装备的自主研制提供理论支撑与技术参考。

关键词: 加压电渣重熔, 高氮钢, 气-水压力平衡, 压力冶炼, 氮合金化

Abstract: High-nitrogen steels (HNS) exhibit exceptional strength-toughness combinations, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature stability, making them critically valuable for applications in aerospace, energy equipment, and high-end manufacturing sectors. Pressurized electroslag remelting (PESR) is currently the core industrial process for producing HNS. A key technical challenge in PESR lies in maintaining dynamic equilibrium between the cooling water pressure in the mold and the internal gas pressure within the furnace chamber during melting, thereby preventing mold deformation or even catastrophic failure caused by excessive pressure differentials. This paper systematically reviews the current methods for HNS production and the state-of-the-art development of PESR technology. It focuses on analyzing the technical requirements of the gas-water pressure balance system and compares two dominant design approaches: independent control and interlinked control. Furthermore, the paper discusses critical design considerations for piston-cylinder mechanisms, emphasizing that increasing the effective piston area, enhancing machining precision, and selecting wear- and corrosion-resistant materials are essential for achieving high sealing integrity and precise pressure control. The findings provide theoretical support and technical reference for the independent development of high-performance domestic PESR equipment.

Key words: pressurized electroslag remelting (PESR), high-nitrogen steel (HNS), gas-water pressure balance, pressure metallurgy, nitrogen alloying

中图分类号: TF341.2

高元, 牟鑫, 李润达, 马海玲, 黄志强, 李心可, 侯景岳. 加压电渣重熔装备气-水压力平衡控制系统分析^*[J]. 真空, 2026, 63(4): 46-51.

GAO Yuan, MU Xin, LI Runda, MA Hailing, HUANG Zhiqiang, LI Xinke, HOU Jingyue. Analysis of the Gas-Water Pressure Balance Control System for Pressurized Electroslag Remelting Equipment[J]. VACUUM, 2026, 63(4): 46-51.

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