大型空间环境模拟器热沉流路优化设计及仿真分析

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2026.05.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据工程实际需要,以直径9 m大型空间环境模拟器热沉为研究对象,建立流路三维模型,结合计算流体力学（CFD）与传热仿真,分析不同流路设计下热沉温度均匀性等参数。仿真结果表明,液氮流量为120 m³/h,在300 W/m²条件下,热沉采用周向1/2分区时,热沉流速及温度分布差异较大,温度均匀性约±5.9℃,不满足设计指标要求;热沉采用周向1/4分区能有效避免热沉流速及温度分布差异问题,温度均匀性约±4.6℃,满足设计指标要求。实测热沉最高温度为-183.8℃,最低温度为-192.8℃,温度均匀性为±4.5℃。研究成果为后续大型空间环模系统热沉工程应用提供理论支撑和技术参考。

关键词: 空间环境模拟, 液氮冷却, 板式热沉, 流路优化, CFD仿真, 温度均匀性

Abstract: Based on actual engineering requirements, this paper takes the heat sink of a large-scale 9 m diameter space environment simulator as the research object. A three-dimensional flow path model was established, and computational fluid dynamics combined with heat transfer simulation was adopted to analyze parameters such as the temperature uniformity of the heat sink under different flow path designs. The simulation results showed that with a liquid nitrogen flow rate of 120 m³/h and a heat flux of 300 W/m², when the heat sink was designed with a 1/2 circumferential zoning scheme, there are significant differences in flow velocity and temperature distribution, with the temperature uniformity reaching approximately ±5.9℃, which fails to meet the design specifications; the adoption of a 1/4 circumferential zoning scheme effectively eliminates the discrepancies in flow velocity and temperature distribution, achieving a temperature uniformity of about ±4.6℃, which satisfies the design requirements. In actual measurement, the maximum temperature of the heat sink is -183.8℃ and the minimum temperature is -192.8℃, with a measured temperature uniformity of ±4.5℃. This work may provide theoretical basis and technical support for the subsequent engineering application of heat sinks in large space environment simulation systems.

Key words: space environment simulation, liquid nitrogen cooling, plate-type heat sink, flow path optimization, CFD simulation, temperature uniformity

中图分类号: V416.8

祁松松, 刘家林, 王飞, 季琨, 李绍杰. 大型空间环境模拟器热沉流路优化设计及仿真分析[J]. 真空, 2026, 63(5): 73-80.

QI Songsong, LIU Jialin, WANG Fei, JI Kun, LI Shaojie. Optimization Design and Simulation Analysis of Heat Sink Flow Path for Large-Scale Space Environment Simulator[J]. VACUUM, 2026, 63(5): 73-80.

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