真空条件下矿用链轮微尺度泄漏机制分析与密封关键参数优化

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2026.01.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对低真空环境下矿用设备密封界面易发生微尺度气体泄漏的共性难题,本文以刮板输送机驱动链为对象,系统分析真空条件下的密封失效机理。构建了一个考虑界面粗糙度、材料弹性响应与稀薄气体滑移流特性的微尺度泄漏数学模型,揭示真空条件下气体在粗糙界面的传输规律及非线性演化特征。采用FEA-CFD耦合仿真,研究密封结构在载荷扰动与压强梯度作用下的应力分布、流场演化及泄漏路径动态变化。结果表明,在真空度5 kPa、压紧力1 000 N、粗糙度0.8 μm条件下,润滑介质气相泄漏量为1.62 mL/min,较传统结构降低37.9%,密封性能明显改善。进一步分析显示,材料模量、界面形貌及真空稀薄效应是决定密封可靠性的核心因素。研究成果不仅深化了对真空密封中微纳气体流动与固体变形耦合机制的理解,而且为真空密封技术的发展与真空装备设计优化提供了重要理论依据与工程应用价值。

关键词: 真空密封, 微尺度气体流动, 滑移流, 泄漏机制, 多物理场耦合

Abstract: Addressing the common challenge of microscale gas leakage at sealing interfaces of mining equipment under low vacuum conditions, this study analyzes the failure mechanisms of sprocket seals in vacuum environments. A microscale leakage mathematical model considering interface roughness, material elasticity, and rarefied gas slip flow is developed, revealing the transmission characteristics and nonlinear evolution of gas under vacuum pressure gradients. Using FEA-CFD coupled simulation, the stress distribution, flow field evolution, and leakage path dynamics of the seal are investigated under load disturbances and pressure gradients. The study results show that, at a vacuum level of 5 kPa, a compressive force of 1 000 N, and a roughness of 0.8 μm, the lubricant vapor leakage is 1.62 mL/min, 37.9% lower than that of the conventional structure, indicating a significant performance improvement. Further analysis reveals that material modulus, interface morphology, and vacuum rarefaction effects are decisive factors in determing sealing reliability. The findings not only enhance understanding of gas-solid coupling in vacuum seals but also provide theoretical and engineering guidance for advancing vacuum sealing technology and optimizing vacuum equipment design.

Key words: vacuum sealing, microscale gas flow, slip flow, leakage mechanism, multiphysics coupling

中图分类号: TB42

佟朋, 程刚. 真空条件下矿用链轮微尺度泄漏机制分析与密封关键参数优化[J]. 真空, 2026, 63(1): 66-73.

TONG Peng, CHENG Gang. Microscale Leakage Mechanism and Seal Optimization of Mining Sprocket in Vacuum[J]. VACUUM, 2026, 63(1): 66-73.

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