杨木纤维复合芯材真空绝热板的制备与表征*

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2026.02.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 真空绝热板（Vacuum Insulation Panel, VIP）是一种高性能绝热材料,通过真空技术和多孔芯材协同效应实现极低的导热系数,广泛应用于绿色建筑、低温冷链和超低能耗家电等领域,是未来绝热节能材料发展的重要方向。传统的VIP大多以玻璃纤维作为芯材,但存在难降解、难回收、在生产过程中易造成环境污染等问题。植物纤维因其来源广、可降解、绿色环保等特性有望解决上述问题。但由于植物纤维自身导热系数高、力学性能差,需要无机纤维作为增强相以改善VIP整体性能。因此,本研究选用杨木纤维为芯材基体,离心玻璃棉为增强相,制备了一种综合性能优异的复合芯材VIP,测试了复合芯材微观形貌、均匀性以及压缩率、回弹率,并对所制备的VIP热性能、力学性能及老化性能进行了研究。结果表明,杨木纤维复合芯材VIP综合性能优异,伴随离心玻璃棉含量从0%增加至75wt.%,杨木纤维复合芯材的导热系数下降31.78%,杨木纤维复合芯材VIP导热系数下降50.05%,拉伸强度增加420.21%,VIP对气压敏感性也在不断降低。

关键词: 真空绝热板, 杨木纤维, 离心玻璃棉, 导热系数

Abstract: Vacuum Insulation Panel (VIP) is a kind of high-performance insulation material, which realizes extremely low thermal conductivity through the synergistic effect of vacuum technology and porous core material, and is widely used in green building, low-temperature cold chain, ultra-low-energy appliances, etc. It is an important direction for the development of insulation and energy-saving materials in the future. Most of the traditional VIP use glass fiber as the core material, but there are problems such as difficult to degrade and recycle, and prone to causing environmental pollution during production. Plant fiber is expected to solve the above problems owing to its wide source, degradable, green and other characteristics. However, because of its high thermal conductivity and poor mechanical properties, plant fiber needs inorganic fiber as a reinforcing phase to improve the overall performance of VIP. Therefore, in this paper, poplar fiber was selected as the core material matrix, and centrifugal glass wool was used as the reinforcing fiber to prepare a composite core material VIP with excellent overall performance, and the composite core material micro-morphology, uniformity, and compression rate and resilience were tested. The thermal, mechanical and aging properties of the as-prepared VIP were investigated. The results show that the comprehensive performance of poplar fiber composite core VIP is excellent, along with the centrifugal glass wool content increasing from 0% to 75 wt.%, the thermal conductivity of poplar fiber composite core decreases by 31.78%, the thermal conductivity of poplar fiber composite core VIP decreases by 50.05%, the tensile strength increases by 420.21%, and the sensitivity of VIP to air pressure is also decreased.

Key words: vacuum insulation panel, plant fiber, centrifugal glass wool, thermal conductivity

中图分类号: TB79

张浩天, 靳海, 于小雪, 王家祥, 詹衡, 李坤曌, 陈舟. 杨木纤维复合芯材真空绝热板的制备与表征^*[J]. 真空, 2026, 63(2): 47-54.

ZHANG Haotian, JIN Hai, YU Xiaoxue, WANG Jiaxiang, ZHAN Heng, LI Kunzhao, CHEN Zhou. Preparation and Characterization of Vacuum Insulated Panels With Composite Core of Poplar Wood Fiber[J]. VACUUM, 2026, 63(2): 47-54.

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