管腔减压沸腾清洗的动态真空调控机理与传质强化

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2026.04.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 恒定真空场用于细长管腔器械清洗时,因流导受限,轴向真空衰减达0.015~0.02 MPa,易引发沸腾传质分布不均问题,管腔末端污染物残留率超25%,制约当前管腔清洗技术的发展。为此,提出并构建主动可编程的动态真空场,依托梯度补偿、速率调控与时序匹配的调控特性,解决传统静态真空场被动适配不足的传质难题。基于四类典型管腔流导差异,建立动态真空参数设计方法,结合多场耦合仿真与实验验证,构建污染物脱附率与传质均匀性量化模型。结果表明,与传统恒定真空方法相比,动态真空场可将管腔全域真空波动控制在0.003 MPa以内,降幅达70%~76%;四类管腔污染物脱附率均突破90%,清洗液流速与体积传质系数分别实现100%~135.7%与33%~35%的提升。所建量化模型拟合优度均超0.9,平均相对误差<4.2%,可为不同规格管腔真空清洗系统的精准设计提供普适性指导工具。

关键词: 动态真空场, 真空梯度补偿, 真空传质强化, 真空沸腾调控

Abstract: When constant vacuum field is used for cleaning slender lumen instruments, the axial vacuum attenuation amplitude reaches 0.015~0.02 MPa due to the influence of conductivity limitation, which causes the uneven distribution of boiling mass transfer and the residual rate of pollutants at the end of lumen exceeds 25%, and restricts the development of current lumen cleaning technology. Therefore, an actively programmable dynamic vacuum field was proposed and established in this study. By utilizing gradient compensation, rate regulation, and temporal matching, this approach effectively resolves the mass transfer limitations arising from the passive adaptation of conventional static vacuum fields. Based on the difference of conductance of four typical cavities, a dynamic vacuum parameter design method was established, and a quantitative model of desorption rate and mass transfer uniformity was constructed by combining multi-field coupling simulation and experimental verification. The results show that, compared with the traditional constant vacuum method, the dynamic vacuum field can control the vacuum fluctuation in the whole cavity to 0.003 MPa, with a decrease of 70%-76%, the desorption rate of four kinds of cavity pollutants exceeds 90%, and the flow rate and volumetric mass transfer coefficient of cleaning solution are increased by 100%-135.7% and 33%-35%, respectively. The goodness-of-fit of the quantitative models were all over 0.9, and the average relative error was less than 4.2%.

Key words: dynamic vacuum field, vacuum gradient compensation, vacuum mass transfer enhancement, vacuum boiling control

中图分类号: TQ026.5

范媛媛, 洪爱民. 管腔减压沸腾清洗的动态真空调控机理与传质强化[J]. 真空, 2026, 63(4): 97-103.

FAN Yuanyuan, HONG Aimin. Mechanism and Mass Transfer Enhancement of Dynamic Vacuum Field Regulated Tubular Pressure-Reduction Boiling Cleaning[J]. VACUUM, 2026, 63(4): 97-103.

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