真空抽吸下多孔介质气-液界面演化与多相渗流耦合机制研究

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2026.04.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 真空环境（10~1 000 Pa）在多孔介质中引发独特的气-液界面行为与传质过程,显著影响多相渗流效率及介质结构响应。多孔介质中的多相流动与地质力学变形过程之间存在复杂联系,特别是在强震断层环境中,这种联系是影响地质二氧化碳封存等地下工程的安全性与稳定性的关键因素。本研究提出了一种新型耦合模型,综合考虑了气体滑移效应、低压吸附-解吸动力学及动态接触角方程,揭示真空抽吸下,气-液界面演化与多相渗流的互馈机制。通过等效量化渗透压和量化低压梯度对毛细力重构与界面传质的调控作用,建立孔隙-裂隙动态演化模型,并实现真空抽吸过程中低压区传播、气相通道形成及基质收缩的高精度仿真。结果表明：真空度提升至500 Pa时,能够增加气-液界面迁移速率,扩大固-液接触角,显著优化脱水效率。而在更高真空度（200 Pa）下,界面迁移速率进一步加快,脱水效率在10 min内即接近稳定状态,远优于较低真空条件下的表现,这一结论指出真空度的提高通过降低孔隙内残余压力、重构毛细力平衡和增强界面推进速率,可以成为实现高效脱水和低残余饱和度的关键因素,为真空脱水工艺的参数优化提供了直接依据。本模型为真空脱水技术、多孔过滤介质设计及表面处理工艺提供理论支撑。

关键词: 真空抽气, 气-液界面演化, 多孔介质渗流, 低压耦合机制, 数值模拟

Abstract: Vacuum conditions (10-1 000 Pa) induce unique gas-liquid interface behavior and mass transfer processes in porous medium, significantly affecting multiple-phase fluid flow efficiency and the structural response of the medium. There is a complex relationship between multiphase flow in porous medium and geomechanical deformation processes; particularly in environments with active seismic faults, this relationship is a key factor, influencing the safety and stability of underground engineering projects such as geological carbon dioxide storage. This study proposesd a novel coupled model that incorporated gas slip effects, low-pressure adsorption-desorption kinetics, and dynamic contact angle equations to reveal the feedback mechanisms between gas-liquid interface evolution and multiple-phase fluid flow under vacuum suction. By quantifying the regulatory roles of equivalent osmotic pressure and low-pressure gradients on capillary force reconstruction and interfacial mass transfer, a dynamic evolution model of pores and fractures was established. This model enables high-precision simulation of low-pressure zone propagation, gas-phase channel formation, and matrix contraction during vacuum extraction. The results indicate that increasing the vacuum to 500 Pa increases the gas-liquid interface migration rate, widens the solid-liquid contact angle, and significantly optimizes the dewatering efficiency. At a higher vacuum degree (200 Pa), the interfacial migration rate accelerated further, and the dewatering efficiency approached a steady state within 10 minutes, far outperforming the results under lower vacuum conditions. This conclusion indicates that increasing the vacuum, by reducing residual pressure within the pores, restructuring capillary force equilibrium, and enhancing the interfacial advancement rate, can be a key factor in achieving efficient dewatering and low residual saturation, providing direct evidence for the parameter optimization of vacuum dewatering processes. This model provides theoretical support for vacuum dehydration technology, the design of porous filtration media, and surface treatment processes.

Key words: vacuum pumping, gas-liquid interface evolution, porous medium seepage, low-pressure coupling mechanism, numerical simulation

中图分类号: TM73

王巨川, 张朋, 阮新田, 张世雁, 贾刚, 江山. 真空抽吸下多孔介质气-液界面演化与多相渗流耦合机制研究[J]. 真空, 2026, 63(4): 89-96.

WANG Juchuan, ZHANG Peng, RUAN Xintian, ZHANG Shiyan, JIA Gang, JIANG Shan. Research on the Coupling Mechanism of Gas-Liquid Interface Evolution and Multiphase Seepage in Porous Media under Vacuum Suction[J]. VACUUM, 2026, 63(4): 89-96.

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