电子束焊机局部真空技术设计应用

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2026.03.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为满足核工业复杂工件电子束焊接工艺需求,本文提出了一种局部真空电子束焊机设计方案。详细阐述了该设备的总体结构设计框架,并构建了由主室（焊接室）、副室、电子枪室及过渡小室组成的局部真空系统。在密封结构上,创新性地提出了一种“正负压协同驱动”的充气密封系统,通过气囊内部充气与外部抽气的联合作用,显著提升了密封界面接触压力,并结合双重气囊串联布置与过渡室真空阻隔机制,形成多重防护密封结构,有效解决了局部真空室在动态工况下的真空保持难题。实验测试结果表明,各真空室的真空度及其建立时间均满足设计指标要求,并通过了工作真空度、极限真空度、压升率等关键指标的测试,进一步验证了局部真空技术的有效性。本研究提出的正负压协同密封结构及主副室协同作业模式,为核工业长尺寸、两端开口等复杂工件的局部真空电子束焊接提供了可工程化应用的解决方案。

关键词: 电子束焊机, 局部真空, 正负压协同密封, 主副室协同

Abstract: To address the electron beam welding process requirements for complex workpieces in the nuclear industry, this paper proposes a design scheme for a local vacuum electron beam welding machine. It elaborates in detail the overall structural design framework of the equipment and constructs a local vacuum system composed of a main chamber (welding chamber), an auxiliary chamber, an electron gun chamber, and a transition chamber. Regarding the sealing structure, an innovative "positive-negative pressure synergistic drive" inflatable sealing system was proposed. By combining positive pressure inside the airbag with negative pressure outside, the contact pressure at the sealing interface was significantly enhanced. This was further integrated with a dual-airbag series arrangement and a vacuum barrier mechanism in the transition chamber, forming a multi-protection sealing structure that effectively addressed the challenge of maintaining a high vacuum in the local vacuum chamber under dynamic operating conditions. Experimental results showed that the vacuum level and the time to reach it for each vacuum chamber meet the design specifications. The effectiveness of the local vacuum technology is further verified through testing key indicators such as operating vacuum, ultimate vacuum, and pressure rise rate. The proposed positive-negative pressure synergistic sealing structure and the collaborative operation mode of the main and auxiliary chambers provide an engineering-applicable solution for local vacuum electron beam welding of complex workpieces, such as those with long dimensions and open ends, in the nuclear industry.

Key words: electron beam welding machine, local vacuum, positive-negative pressure synergistic sealing, main and auxiliary chamber collaboration

中图分类号: TG166.1

贾守亚, 伍龙. 电子束焊机局部真空技术设计应用[J]. 真空, 2026, 63(3): 91-96.

JIA Shouya, WU Long. Design and Application of Local Vacuum Technology for Electron Beam Welding Machines[J]. VACUUM, 2026, 63(3): 91-96.

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