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VACUUM ›› 2026, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (4): 81-88.doi: 10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2026.04.12

• Vacuum Technology Application • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Vacuum Degree on the Microstructure and Properties of Laser-Cladded 316L Stainless Steel Coatings

WANG Yu1, LI Xin2, BIAN Peiying1, YE Fangxia1, REN Panpan1, GUO Shizhong1   

  1. 1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Additive Manufacturing, College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China;
    2. School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
  • Received:2026-01-12 Published:2026-07-27

Abstract: To suppress oxidation defects induced by laser cladding under atmospheric conditions, vacuum laser cladding was employed to fabricate 316L stainless steel coatings. The effects of vacuum degree (from low to high) on the microstructure and properties of the coatings were systematically investigated. The results indicated that with increasing vacuum degree (i.e., decreasing oxygen content), oxide inclusions in the coatings are significantly reduced and the grains are markedly refined: the primary dendrite arm spacing decreases from 14.52 μm under atmospheric conditions to 5.84 μm at a high vacuum level of 10-1 Pa. Meanwhile, the porosity of the coating was reduced from 2.85% at atmospheric environment to 0.12%, and the crack density continuously decreased with increasing vacuum degree, approaching zero at 10-1 Pa. Owing to the synergistic effects of microstructural purification and grain refinement, the microstructural integrity of the coatings is significantly improved, providing a structural basis for the enhancement of mechanical performance and service durability. This study demonstrates that controlling the vacuum degree is an effective approach to optimizing the quality of laser-cladded coatings and provides a reference for the vacuum fabrication of high-performance coatings.

Key words: vacuum laser cladding, vacuum degree, 316L stainless steel, microstructure, properties

CLC Number:  TG174.4

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