欢迎访问沈阳真空杂志社 Email Alert    RSS服务

真空 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (5): 1-10.doi: 10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2025.05.01

• 真空应用 •    下一篇

抽真空过程中水面蒸发及空气温湿度变化特性研究*

张治华, 李晓林, 杨嘉, 钟佳贝, 张朋磊   

  1. 南京航空航天大学 航空学院，江苏 南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-11 发布日期:2025-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 张朋磊,副教授。
  • 作者简介:张治华（2000-）,男,浙江宁波人,硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金资助项目（52176157）

Study on the Characteristics of Water Evaporation, Air Temperature and Humidity Change During Vacuuming Process

ZHANG Zhihua, LI Xiaolin, YANG Jia, ZHONG Jiabei, ZHANG Penglei   

  1. College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
  • Received:2024-12-11 Published:2025-09-29

摘要： 对内部含水的真空舱抽真空过程中,低压下水面快速蒸发造成空气含湿量急剧增大,含湿量过大的稀薄空气进入真空泵并在升压过程中析出大量冷凝水,可能导致润滑油乳化进而损坏真空泵。因此,掌握抽真空过程中水面的蒸发特性以及空气温湿度变化特性至关重要。本文首先搭建了小型水面抽真空实验台,研究了不同抽气流量、水面面积下抽真空过程中空气温湿度变化规律,发现空气温度变化主要受抽气速率影响,空气含湿量变化主要受水面面积影响;其次,综合利用质量守恒、能量守恒、温和蒸发关联式等,并考虑漏热和漏气的影响建立了抽真空过程空气热湿传递数学模型,模型计算结果与实验结果吻合度较高,验证了模型的准确性;最后,利用该模型研究了某实际工程抽真空时,不同空气初始温度和相对湿度下的空气温湿度变化规律,获得了其所需的动态制冷量。

关键词: 抽真空, 空气温湿度, 温和蒸发, 制冷量

Abstract: In the process of vacuuming a chamber with water inside, the moisture content of the air increases sharply due to the rapid evaporation of the water under low pressure. The thin air with excessive moisture content enters the vacuum pump and precipitates a large amount of condensate during the pressurization process, which may cause the emulsification of lubricating oil and damage the vacuum pump. Therefore, it is crucial to study the evaporation characteristics of the water and the characteristics of air temperature and humidity changes during the vacuuming process. In this paper, a small vacuum test bench was established, and the changes of air temperature and humidity during the vacuuming process under different pumping flow rates and water surface areas were studied. It was found that the changes of air temperature are mainly affected by the pumping flow rate, and the changes of air moisture content are mainly affected by the water evaporation area. Then, a mathematical model of air heat and moisture transfer in the vacuuming process was established by comprehensively using the correlation formula of mass conservation, energy conservation and mild evaporation, and considering the influence of heat leakage gas leakage, and the accuracy of the model was verified by experimental results. The model was finally used to predict the variation law of air temperature and humidity under different initial temperature and relative humidity of air during vacuuming process in a practical project, and the dynamic refrigeration capacity was obtained.

Key words: vacuuming, air temperature and humidity, mild evaporation, refrigeration capacity

中图分类号:  TB79

[1] MUTHUNAYAGAM A E, RAMAMURTHI K, PADEN J R.Modelling and experiments on vaporization of saline water at low temperatures and reduced pressures[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2005, 25(5/6): 941-952.
[2] BURROWS G.Evaporation at low pressures[J]. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1957, 7(7): 375-384.
[3] KAZEMI M A, NOBES D S, ELLIOTT J A W. Experimental and numerical study of the evaporation of water at low pressures[J]. Langmuir: the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 2017, 33(18): 4578-4591.
[4] SINGH S, CHAKRABORTY R P, KOTHADIA B H.Flash evaporation in a superheated liquid pool using water as medium[J]. International Journal of Thermofluids, 2024, 24: 100939.
[5] MANSOUR A, MÜLLER N. A review of flash evaporation phenomena and resulting shock waves[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2019, 107: 146-168.
[6] 严俊杰,王金华,邵树峰,等. 多级闪蒸海水淡化系统的改进研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报,2005,39(11):1165-1168.
[7] CHUNG H, WIBOWO S, FAJAR B, et al.Study on low pressure evaporation of fresh water generation system model[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2012, 26(2): 421-426.
[8] CHEN H P, GUO X X, ZHANG H, et al.Experimental study on a flash tank integrated with low concentrating PV/T (FT-LCPVT) hybrid system for desalination[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 159: 113874.
[9] SINGH S, PATI S, PAUL S, et al.Performance enhancement of lab scale flash evaporation desalination system with sponge demisters: a practical approach[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2025, 354: 129170.
[10] 赵明. 高效闪蒸干燥机的应用[J]. 广东有色金属学报,2002,12(1):13-16.
[11] LIAO Y, LUCAS D.A review on numerical modelling of flashing flow with application to nuclear safety analysis[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 182: 116002.
[12] WANG C, XU R, CHEN X, et al.Study on water flash evaporation under reduced pressure[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 131: 31-40.
[13] AUGUSTO C M, RIBEIRO J B, GASPAR A R, et al.A mathematical model describing the two stages of low-pressure-vaporization of free water[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2012, 112(4): 274-281.
[14] WAN S B, ZHANG L, MO D M, et al.Numerical investigation on water evaporation characteristics at low pressures in a stainless steel funnel[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2022, 175: 107488.
[15] AUGUSTO C M, RIBEIRO J B, GASPAR A R, et al.Experimental study of the low-pressure-vaporization of water in different porous media[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 65(4): 561-571.
[16] AUGUSTO C M, COSTA J J, GASPAR A R, et al.Development, calibration and validation of a mathematical model for the low-pressure-vaporization of the water in porous media[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, 73: 574-585.
[17] AUGUSTO C M, RIBEIRO J B, GASPAR A R, et al.Low-pressure-vaporization of free water -characterization of the boiling regimes[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2014, 77: 19-26.
[18] AUGUSTO C M, RIBEIRO J B, GASPAR A R, et al.Costa. Physical and experimental calibration of a mathematical model of the low-pressure-vaporization of free water[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2014, 138: 23-34.
[19] 罗新梅,盛家康. 室内敞开水面水蒸发量计算公式探讨[J]. 华东交通大学学报,2016,33(1):100-106.
[20] SHAH M M.Prediction of evaporation from occupied indoor swimming pools[J]. Energy & Buildings, 2003, 35(7): 707-713.
[21] SHAH M M.Evaluation of available correlations for rate of evaporation from undisturbed water pools to quiet air[J]. HVAC&R Research, 2002, 8(1): 125-131.
[22] 聂雄,屈小娜. 水面蒸发计算模型的研究进展[J]. 农村经济与科技,2018,29(7):45-47.
[23] 谭羽非. 工程热力学[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2010.
[24] 赵荣义,范存养,薛殿华,等. 空气调节[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2008.
[25] 韩志,谢晶,潘迎捷.食品冷却抽真空过程流场影响参数分析[J]. 农业机械学报,2010,41(9):118-121.
[26] 夏正勋. 抽气和充气过程中真空容器内气体温度的变化[J]. 真空,1993, 30(2):6-11.
[27] 张犇. 果蔬低温真空干燥装置设计及数值模拟[D].天津: 天津商业大学,2022.
[28] 杨世铭,陶文铨. 传热学[M]. 4版. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006.
[29] 连之伟. 热质交换原理与设备 [M]. 2版. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2006.
[1] 孙振中, 施敏海, 陈光奇, 魏裕隆, 吴辰睿, 魏海波. 分段集成抽真空系统及工艺方法*[J]. 真空, 2024, 61(6): 38-42.
[2] 宋涛, 张柏诚, 王春雷, 姜正鹤. 大型串联电子束熔炼炉抽真空系统设计研究*[J]. 真空, 2024, 61(4): 30-34.
[3] 孙克刚, 马征宾, 郭希坤, 孙浩然. 大吨位真空吸管器抽真空系统及吸盘的研制应用[J]. 真空, 2020, 57(6): 75-79.
[4] 吕娜, 于胜斌, 鄢鸿羽, 于清明, 乔保振, 王英武. 新型变压法真空干燥技术在变压器处理中的应用[J]. 真空, 2019, 56(4): 74-77.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 李得天, 成永军, 张虎忠, 孙雯君, 王永军, 孙 健, 李 刚, 裴晓强. 碳纳米管场发射阴极制备及其应用研究[J]. 真空, 2018, 55(5): 1 -9 .
[2] 周彬彬, 张 建, 何剑锋, 董长昆. 基于 CVD 直接生长法的碳纳米管场发射阴极[J]. 真空, 2018, 55(5): 10 -14 .
[3] 柴晓彤, 汪 亮, 王永庆, 刘明昆, 刘星洲, 干蜀毅. 基于 STM32F103 单片机的单泵运行参数数据采集系统[J]. 真空, 2018, 55(5): 15 -18 .
[4] 李民久, 熊 涛, 姜亚南, 贺岩斌, 陈庆川. 基于双管正激式变换器的金属表面去毛刺 20kV 高压脉冲电源[J]. 真空, 2018, 55(5): 19 -24 .
[5] 刘燕文, 孟宪展, 田 宏, 李 芬, 石文奇, 朱 虹, 谷 兵, 王小霞 . 空间行波管极高真空的获得与测量[J]. 真空, 2018, 55(5): 25 -28 .
[6] 徐法俭, 王海雷, 赵彩霞, 黄志婷. 化学气体真空 - 压缩回收系统在环境工程中应用研究[J]. 真空, 2018, 55(5): 29 -33 .
[7] 谢元华, 韩 进, 张志军, 徐成海. 真空输送的现状与发展趋势探讨（五）[J]. 真空, 2018, 55(5): 34 -37 .
[8] 孙立志, 闫荣鑫, 李天野, 贾瑞金, 李 征, 孙立臣, 王 勇, 王 健, 张 强. 放样氙气在大型收集室内分布规律研究[J]. 真空, 2018, 55(5): 38 -41 .
[9] 黄 思 , 王学谦 , 莫宇石 , 张展发 , 应 冰 . 液环压缩机性能相似定律的实验研究[J]. 真空, 2018, 55(5): 42 -45 .
[10] 常振东, 牟仁德, 何利民, 黄光宏, 李建平. EB-PVD 制备热障涂层的反射光谱特性研究[J]. 真空, 2018, 55(5): 46 -50 .
辽ICP备06004570号-4
版权所有 © 2018 《真空》编辑部
地址：沈阳市沈河区万柳塘路2号　 邮编：110042　 电话：（024）24134406 24110136 24121929　 传真：（024） 24121929　E-mail: zkzk1964@126.com
本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发