基于真空灭弧特性的有载分接开关多源状态识别方法*

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2026.04.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对真空灭弧室密封失效引发变压器油碳化的难题,提出一种基于真空度-电弧能量耦合模型的安全状态识别方法。通过解析真空灭弧室内金属蒸汽扩散特性（压力≤10^-4 Pa）,建立紫外光辐射、振动信号与乙炔增长率的协同判据。根据变压器真空有载分接开关的马尔可夫约束条件,定义分接开关拓扑回路中的电阻均值,进而求解分接开关电气应力方程,完成变压器真空有载分接开关电气应力解析,利用电气应力方程,提取分接开关的瞬态冲击分量与敏感频带分量,推导分接开关的电气应力方程,以求解开关运行的安全状态阈值,实现对变压器真空有载分接开关运行安全状态的识别。结果表明,根据振动信号与电力信号有效判定变压器真空有载分接开关的实时调压状态,有利于保障开关运行状态识别结果的准确性。

关键词: 灭弧室, CuCr50合金触头, 电气应力, 有载分接开关, 状态识别

Abstract: A safety state identification method based on the vacuum degree arc energy coupling model is proposed to address the problem of transformer oil carbonization caused by sealing failure of vacuum arc extinguishing chamber. By analyzing the diffusion characteristics of metal vapor in the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber （pressure≤10^-4 Pa）, a synergistic criterion for ultraviolet radiation, vibration signals, and acetylene growth rate is established. According to the Markov constraint conditions of the transformer vacuum on-load tap changer, the average resistance in the topology circuit of the tap changer is defined, and the electrical stress equation of the tap changer is solved to complete the electrical stress analysis of the transformer vacuum on-load tap changer. Using the electrical stress equation, the transient impulse component and sensitive frequency band component of the tap changer are extracted, and the electrical stress equation of the tap changer is derived to solve the safe state threshold of the switch operation and achieve the identification of the safe state of the transformer vacuum on-load tap changer operation. The results show that effectively determining the real-time voltage regulation status of transformer vacuum on-load tap changers based on vibration signals and power signals is beneficial for ensuring the accuracy of switch operation status recognition results.

Key words: arc extinguishing chamber, CuCr50 alloy contact, electrical stress, OLTC, state recognition

中图分类号: TP311

俞一帆, 梁琼心, 陈伟卿. 基于真空灭弧特性的有载分接开关多源状态识别方法^*[J]. 真空, 2026, 63(4): 58-64.

YU Yifan, LIANG Qiongxin, CHEN Weiqing. Multi Source State Recognition Method for on-Load Tap Changer Based on Vacuum Arc Extinguishing Characteristics[J]. VACUUM, 2026, 63(4): 58-64.

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