基于Q值增强的高真空谐振腔实现肿瘤细胞铁死亡高灵敏实时监测*

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2026.04.10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为突破现有肿瘤细胞铁死亡监测技术实时性差、侵入性强的瓶颈,构建融合高真空环境与压电谐振原理的非标记、非接触式动态监测途径设计具备高Q值（>10⁴）的压电谐振器件,并搭建极限真空度达10^-4 Pa的谐振传感系统,泄漏率低于10^-8 Pa·m³/s。通过在肿瘤细胞模型中施加铁死亡诱导剂,实时采集谐振频率漂移、阻尼变化及质量响应信号,结合傅里叶变换与主成分分析提取信号特征。实验表明,高真空环境显著抑制气体阻尼与热噪声干扰,提升谐振响应灵敏度;诱导60 min内频率偏移超过18.1 Hz,阻尼变化幅度达21.0%,与细胞ROS水平和铁离子浓度高度相关（R²=0.81）。建模分析显示,Q值随真空度提升呈非线性增长,实验条件能达到的范围内,最佳监测真空区间为10^-3 Pa左右。高真空腔体通过增强Q值与降低背景干扰,使传感器具备捕捉细胞振动模态变化的能力,能够实现细胞层面肿瘤铁死亡过程的高精度、非侵入、非标记动态检测,对真空生物传感技术拓展及肿瘤诊疗手段创新具有重要意义。

关键词: 高真空谐振传感器, 铁死亡, 肿瘤细胞, 真空泄漏抑制, Q值增强

Abstract: To overcome the limitations of current ferroptosis monitoring methods for tumor cells-namely poor real-time performance and high invasiveness-a label-free, non-contact dynamic monitoring approach was developed by integrating high-vacuum conditions with piezoelectric resonance principle. A piezoelectric resonator with a high quality factor (Q>10⁴) was designed, and a resonant sensing system with an ultimate vacuum level of 10^-4 Pa and a leakage rate below 10^-8 Pa·m³/s was established. Ferroptosis was induced in tumor cell models, during which resonance frequency shifts, damping changes, and mass-loading responses were recorded in real time. Signal features were extracted via Fourier transform and principal component analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that high vacuum significantly suppresses gas damping and thermal noise, thereby enhancing resonance sensitivity. Within 60 minutes of induction, frequency shifts exceeded 18.1 Hz and damping variations reached 21.0%, both highly correlated with intracellular ROS levels and iron ion concentrations (R²=0.81). Regression analysis revealed a nonlinear increase in Q-value with decreasing pressure, identifying 10^-3 Pa as the optimal vacuum window for sensing performance. By enhancing Q-factor and reducing background interference, the high-vacuum chamber enables the sensor to capture changes in cellular vibration modes, achieving high-precision, non-invasive, and label-free dynamic detection of ferroptosis at the cellular level. This work expands the applicability of vacuum-enabled biosensing technologies and provides a novel platform for tumor diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.

Key words: high vacuum resonant sensor, ferroptosis, tumor cells, vacuum leakage suppression, Q-value enhancement

中图分类号: TB772

郑开利, 周赤忠, 罗宽, 孙帆. 基于Q值增强的高真空谐振腔实现肿瘤细胞铁死亡高灵敏实时监测^*[J]. 真空, 2026, 63(4): 65-71.

ZHENG Kaili, ZHOU Chizhong, LUO Kuan, SUN Fan. Highly Sensitive Real-time Monitoring of Ferroptosis of Tumor Cells Based on Q-value Enhanced High Vacuum Resonant Cavity[J]. VACUUM, 2026, 63(4): 65-71.

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