高寒高海拔隧道真空排水系统设计及运行真空稳定性研究*

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2026.04.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决高寒高海拔隧道中传统重力排水系统易因冻结堵塞与低气压而失效的问题,研究真空排水系统在极端环境下的设计与系统运行可靠性。构建含气压、温度、渗流修正因子的系统设计方程,提出泵效环境修正模型与分区冗余布设策略,并在高原隧道完成实地部署与运行监测。基于SCADA平台,考虑密封退化、流阻升高与泵效波动为主导扰动机制,建立真空度与环境参数的耦合响应模型。结果表明：系统管内相对压力可稳定维持在-75~-60 kPa,波动小于3.5 kPa,极寒条件下维持率达98%以上。对照试验验证了密封结构与热控措施对系统稳态运行的显著提升作用。研究系统性建立了适用于高寒高海拔环境的真空排水设计理论与运行控制方法,为寒区隧道排水工程提供理论参考。

关键词: 高寒高海拔隧道, 真空排水系统, 真空稳定性, 泵效修正, 低温密封退化

Abstract: Aiming at the problems that the traditional gravity drainage system is prone to clogging due to freezing and failure caused by low air pressure in high-altitude and cold tunnels, the adaptive design and vacuum stability research of the vacuum drainage system in extreme environments were carried out. The system design method introducing air pressure, temperature and seepage correction factors was constructed. The pump efficiency environmental correction model and the zonal redundancy layout strategy were proposed, and the field deployment and operation monitoring were completed in the plateau tunnel. Based on the SCADA platform, a coupled response model of vacuum degree and environmental parameters was established, including seal degradation, increased flow resistance and pump efficiency fluctuations as the dominant disturbance mechanisms. The results show that the gauge pressure inside the pipeline can be stably maintained within -75 to -60 kPa, with a fluctuation of less than 3.5 kPa, and the maintenance rate is over 98% under extremely cold conditions. The control test verified the significant improvement effect of the sealing structure and thermal control measures on the steady-state operation of the system. The research systematically established the design theory and operation control method of vacuum drainage suitable for high-altitude and cold environments, providing theoretical references for tunnel drainage projects in cold regions.

Key words: cold and high-altitude tunnel, vacuum drainage system, vacuum stability, pump efficiency correction, low-temperature seal degradation

中图分类号: TB79

张伦飞. 高寒高海拔隧道真空排水系统设计及运行真空稳定性研究^*[J]. 真空, 2026, 63(4): 104-111.

ZHANG Lunfei. Design and Vacuum Stability Analysis of Negative-Pressure Drainage Systems for Tunnels in Cold and High-Altitude Regions[J]. VACUUM, 2026, 63(4): 104-111.

参考文献

[1] 史冠宇,瞿生军,陈逸枫.真空-堆载联合预压加固深厚淤泥质地基的特性分析[J].江苏水利,2025,(6):42-47,51.
[2] 彭文波,高翔,刘继国,等.高寒高海拔超长公路隧道建设关键技术—以天山胜利隧道为例[J].隧道建设(中英文),2025,45(5):1027-1040.
[3] Jorisch W.Vacuum technology in the chemical industry[M]. Weinheim:Wiley-VCH,2014:1-14.
[4] Yu Zihao, Zhang Guozhu, Li Chenglin, et al.Numerical investigation on work performance of the anti-freezing drainage system of tunnel utilizing TPCT[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 253:123849.
[5] Lei Ming, Chang Jin, Jiang Jianqing, et al.Discussing the negative pressure distribution mode in vacuum-preloaded soft foundation drainage structures:A Numerical Study[J]. Applied Sciences, 2023, 13(10):6297.
[6] 张丕显,张以忱,战春鸣,等.干式真空泵在半导体及新能源领域的应用及发展趋势[J].真空,2024,61(3):1-8.
[7] Li Danting, He Zhilong, Wang Chuang, et al.Design methodology and performance analysis of conical rotors for dry screw vacuum pumps[J]. Vacuum, 2021, 185:110025.
[8] Wang Jun, Zhao Xihao, Zhao Lizhuang, et al.Clearance distribution design and thermal deformation analysis of variable-pitch screw rotors for twin-screw vacuum pumps[J]. Vacuum, 2023, 211:111936.
[9] 任琪琛,孙志和,王沛,等.O形橡胶圈真空密封性能有限元分析[J].真空,2021,58(5):37-41.
[10] Abernethy F A J, Chinnery H, Lindner R, et al. PTFE as a viable sealing material for lightweight mass spectrometry ovens in dusty extraterrestrial environments[J]. RAS Techniques and Instruments, 2024, 3(1):80-88.
[11] 吴德瑞. 高海拔高寒地区富水隧道防排水施工技术分析[J].工程建设与设计,2023,(8):141-143.
[12] Zhou Fengxi, Mu Zhanlin, Zhang Jiahua, et al.Study on drainage consolidation characteristics and pore-pressure reversal control of water-rich loess under the combined action of electroosmosis-vacuum[J]. Drying Technology, 2024, 42(8):1295-1311.
[13] Fedchak J A, Scherschligt J K, Avdiaj S, et al.Outgassing rate comparison of seven geometrically similar vacuum chambers of different materials and heat treatments[J]. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, 2021, 39(2):1-35.
[14] Yin Xiang, Cao Feng, Pan Shengchen, et al.Numerical investigation on screw rotor deformation and influence on volumetric efficiency of the twin-screw multiphase pump[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 111:1111-1118.
[15] Kietzig A M, Hatzikiriakos S G, Englezos P.Physics of ice friction[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2010, 107(8).
[16] Frash L P, Gutierrez M, Hampton J.True-triaxial apparatus for simulation of hydraulically fractured multi-borehole hot dry rock reservoirs[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2014,70:496-506.
[17] 李旻,周敬宣,高飞.室外真空排水系统建模的研究[J].真空,2010,47(3):66-70.
[18] Shang Yunhu, Niu Fujun, Yuan Kun, et al.Freezeback behavior of a cast-in-place pile foundation surrounded by two-phase closed thermosyphons in permafrost regions[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 225:120151.
[19] Ding Weicheng, Wu Yimin, Xu Peng, et al.Research on the mechanism of frost heaves caused by void water accumulation behind the lining of high-speed railway tunnels in cold regions[J]. Applied Sciences,2024,14(2):750.
[20] Cui Gaohang, Ma Shuxian, Liu Shouhua, et al.Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on deformation properties of deep foundation pit supported by pile-anchor in Harbin[J]. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 2022, 61(1):756-768.
[21] 彭俊. 基于软PLC的全总线型井下排水控制系统设计[J].煤矿机电,2023,44(4):18-24.
[22] 李国全. 高海拔高寒地区富水隧道防排水施工技术研究[J].中国水运,2016,16(16):207-208.
[23] 徐艳茹,祖鑫晨,姚嘉文,等.温度对金属硬密封三偏心蝶阀密封性能的影响[J].流体机械,2025,53(9):79-86.
[24] Shi Rui, Wen Zhi, Li Desheng, et al.Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the performance of cast-in-place piles in permafrost regions:working state and action effect sharing[J]. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 2022, 33(2):147-159.
[25] 黄苛,欧阳波,杨润霞.高海拔高寒地区富水隧道防排水施工技术研究[J].青海交通科技,2017, (3):122-126.
[26] Shang Yunhu, Cao Yapeng, Li Guoyu, et al.Characteristics of meteorology and freeze-thaw in high-latitude cold regions:a case study in Da Xing'anling, Northeast China (2022-2023)[J]. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2025, 12:1476234.
[27] Lin Weikang, Tang Xiaowu, Zou Yuan, et al.Research on the bearing capacity and sustainable construction of a vacuum drainage pipe pile[J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(9):7555.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed