热阴极的研究进展*

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2025.01.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 微波真空电子器件广泛应用于卫星通信及未来军事前沿的高功率微波武器等领域,热阴极作为真空电子器件的核心,其性能将直接影响微波器件的寿命及输出性能,这对阴极提出了很高的要求。温度对热阴极发射性能会产生非常大的影响,因此准确地确定热阴极的温度非常重要。本研究介绍了热阴极的发展历史,总结对比了不同阴极及其热电子发射性能,包括纳米粒子薄膜阴极和传统覆膜阴极热电子发射均匀性的对比,以及传统覆膜阴极、浸渍阴极和纳米粒子薄膜阴极蒸发速率与温度的关系等。并且利用光学测温仪、红外测温仪、热电偶测温仪（铂铑–铂）对覆膜阴极表面、扩散阴极表面及阴极侧面（钼）的温度进行了对比测试研究。

关键词: 微波真空电子器件, 热阴极, 温度, 金属阴极, 氧化物阴极, 浸渍阴极

Abstract: Microwave vacuum electron devices are used in a wide variety of areas, such as radar, space technology and electron accelerators. The thermal cathode is one of the cores of the vacuum electron devices, its performances directly determine the reliability and lifetime of the electron devices. Therefore, a higher demand is put for thermal cathode. It is important to determine the temperature of the hot cathode accurately. The thermal electron emission performance of different cathodes is summarized and compared, including the comparison of the uniformity of hot electron emission between nano-particulated thin film cathode and traditional coated cathode, and the variation of ion current of evaporates from S-type cathode and M-type cathode (coated with iridium) and N-type cathode (coated with iridium nano-particulated thin films) with temperature and time. The temperature of the cathode surface and the cathode side (molybdenum tube) are tested by the infrared thermometer, optical pyrometer, and thermocouple thermometer (platinum and rhodium-platinum).

Key words: microwave vacuum electronics, thermal cathode, temperature, metal cathode, oxide cathode, impregnated cathode

中图分类号: TN105.1

刘燕文, 尚新文, 陆玉新, 田宏, 赵恒邦, 王小霞. 热阴极的研究进展^*[J]. 真空, 2025, 62(1): 1-9.

LIU Yanwen, SHANG Xinwen, LU Yuxin, TIAN Hong, ZHAO Hengbang, WANG Xiaoxia. Development of the Thermal Cathode[J]. VACUUM, 2025, 62(1): 1-9.

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