磷对镍基高温合金铸态组织和力学性能的影响*

doi:10.13385/j.cnki.vacuum.2025.02.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用真空感应熔炼和保护气氛电渣重熔工艺制备了一系列不同磷（P）含量的铸态高温合金。通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针、维氏硬度计和拉伸试验机等,系统地分析了P元素对合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,不同P含量下铸态合金的晶粒组织和γ'相无显著变化;随着P含量的增加,合金晶界处碳化物密度增加,且碳化物的形态从点状转变为短棒状;P元素在晶界偏聚使得晶界能降低,碳化物临界形核尺寸减小,因而促进了碳化物的析出;随着P含量增加,合金硬度、冲击韧性和抗拉强度提升,但断后伸长率下降;晶界碳化物能够有效阻碍裂纹的沿晶扩展,使裂纹转向晶内,从而显著提高了合金的综合力学性能。

关键词: 镍基高温合金, 磷元素, 真空感应熔炼, 铸态微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract: A series of nickel based superalloy samples with different P contents were prepared by vacuum induction melting and atmosphere protection electro slag remelting. The effect of P element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was systematically analyzed using advanced characterization techniques such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, Vickers hardness tester, and tensile testing machine. The results show that the grain structure and γ' phase of the as cast alloy with different P contents have no significant change. With the increase of P content, the density of carbides at the grain boundaries increases, and the morphology of carbides changes from point like to short rod-shaped. The segregation of P element at grain boundaries reduces grain boundary energy, decreases the critical nucleus size for carbide, thus promoting the precipitation of carbides. In addition, as the P content increasing, the hardness, impact toughness, and tensile strength of the alloy increase, while the elongation decreases. Carbides at grain boundaries can effectively hinder the propagation of cracks, causing them to deflect and shift from the grain boundaries to the interior of the crystal, thereby significantly improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloy.

Key words: nickel based superalloy, P element, vacuum induction melting, cast microstructure, mechanical property

中图分类号: TG113

陈明, 李相材, 张晓敏, 黄烁, 王冲, 胡军. 磷对镍基高温合金铸态组织和力学性能的影响^*[J]. 真空, 2025, 62(2): 91-99.

CHEN Ming, LI Xiangcai, ZHANG Xiaomin, HUANG Shuo, WANG Chong, HU Jun. Effect of P on the as Cast Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel Based Superalloy[J]. VACUUM, 2025, 62(2): 91-99.

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